راهنمای انتخاب اینورتر آسانسور؛ درایو مناسب موتورهای گیربکس و گیرلس، محاسبه توان و تنظیمات ضروری

Selecting an elevator inverter involves considerably more than matching the motor’s kilowatt rating to the number on a drive. Two motors with the same rated power may require different drives and control strategies if their construction, rated current or feedback systems differ. Even when a drive appears compatible on paper, its overload capability, interface with the elevator controller and brake sequencing must be verified against the actual operating conditions.

For elevator contractors and control panel manufacturers, the objective is clear: minimise integration and commissioning risks, secure reliable technical support and make a purchasing decision backed by engineering data. That decision should be based on the motor and system specifications—not cabin capacity, unit price or the popularity of a particular model alone.

This guide covers the principal selection criteria for geared and gearless elevator motors, explains how to assess power and current with a practical example, and compares selected XIMA L-Series elevator drives using published technical specifications.

What Information Do You Need Before Selecting an Elevator Drive?

Before requesting a quotation or checking model availability, compile a concise technical profile of the installation. This is particularly important for modernisation and drive replacement projects, where the motor, encoder and elevator control panel may already be fixed.

• Motor type and nameplate: Establish the required control compatibility, rated power, voltage and motor current.
• Encoder type and exact model: Identify the feedback requirements and the compatible PG interface card.
• Power supply and elevator controller: Confirm supply compatibility, I/O requirements and command interfaces.
• Rated speed, capacity, traffic and number of stops: Assess the duty cycle, overload requirements and thermal operating conditions.
• Mechanical brake and auxiliary equipment: Review brake sequencing and regenerative-energy management requirements.
• Emergency rescue requirements: Confirm compatibility with the control panel architecture and backup power system.

For replacement projects: Record the full model code of the existing drive, its hardware or firmware version and the reason for replacement. This information helps determine whether a direct replacement is possible or changes to the control panel will be necessary.

Geared vs Gearless Elevator Motors: What Changes in Drive Selection?

The key distinction is not simply whether a gearbox is present. Motor technology and the required control method determine which drive family, feedback interface and auxiliary components should be considered.

Geared Induction Motors: Open-Loop or Closed-Loop Control

Many geared elevator systems use asynchronous, or induction, motors. Depending on the control panel design and motion-performance requirements, these motors may operate with open-loop or closed-loop control.

With open-loop control, the inverter does not receive direct motor-speed feedback from an encoder. The simpler hardware architecture can be an advantage in suitable applications. However, low-speed behaviour, starting performance and response to load changes must still meet the project’s motion-control requirements.

With closed-loop control, an encoder feeds motor-motion information back to the drive. This enables more precise control, provided that the encoder signal, PG card, parameter settings and controller version are compatible.

Gearless Motors: PM Motor Control and Encoder Compatibility

Many gearless elevator systems use permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). In these applications, matching the drive’s power and current ratings is only part of the selection process. The drive must also support the required PM motor control method and rotor-position feedback.

XIMA’s L-Series technical documentation identifies dedicated PG interfaces for gearless motors equipped with EnDat or SinCos encoders.

Therefore, an encoder input on the drive does not, by itself, establish compatibility with a particular gearless motor. The encoder’s exact model, electrical characteristics and corresponding PG card must be confirmed.

The applicable documentation can be located through the XIMA English technical downloads page.

Control-Method Selection at a Glance

• Induction motor without an encoder — OLV (open-loop vector control): Verify that the expected motion performance satisfies the project requirements.
• Induction motor with an incremental encoder — CLV (closed-loop vector control): Confirm that the encoder signal and supply voltage are compatible with the PG card.
• Gearless PM motor with an EnDat encoder — PM/closed-loop control: Verify PM motor control support and compatibility with the appropriate EnDat-PG card.
• Gearless PM motor with a SinCos encoder — PM/closed-loop control: Verify PM motor control support and compatibility with the appropriate SinCos-PG card.

This distinction also affects product-family selection.

XIMA presents the L100 family for open-loop control of induction motors, while the L200 family offers a broader range of open-loop and closed-loop control functions for specified induction and synchronous motor applications.

Final compatibility must be checked against the complete drive model code, installed option cards and hardware/software revision. A capability listed for one family or variant should never be assumed to apply to every L-Series model.

How to Size an Elevator Inverter: Power, Current and Operating Conditions

When the motor has already been selected, the task is generally not to recalculate motor power from scratch. It is to select a drive capable of controlling that motor throughout the elevator’s real operating cycle.

The motor nameplate provides the starting point.

Why Rated Output Current Matters as Much as Kilowatts

Motor power and the drive’s published kW rating help narrow down the options. However, the drive’s rated output current must be compatible with the motor’s rated current and operating requirements.

The drive’s overload rating, permitted overload duration and any derating caused by ambient temperature or installation altitude must also be assessed.

At this stage, compare the motor current with the drive’s output current. The input-current value in a product table is not a substitute.

Worked Example: A 7.5 kW Geared Elevator Motor

Consider the following illustrative, hypothetical motor:

• Motor type: Geared induction motor
• Rated power: 7.5 kW
• Rated voltage: 380 V, three-phase
• Rated current: 17 A
• Encoder: None

According to XIMA’s published product specifications, the L200C075-3 is rated at 7.5 kW with a 19 A rated output current.

On the basis of power, voltage and initial current comparison, it is therefore a candidate worth evaluating.

Refer to the XIMA L-Series elevator and lift drive range for the published model information.

A 19 A drive rating is not, however, a final application approval. The project engineer must still verify that:

• The drive’s control method is appropriate for the motor and existing controller.
• The allowable overload current and duration cover the installation’s duty cycle.
• Thermal limits and installation conditions are respected.
• Brake sequencing, control-panel commands and emergency rescue requirements can be implemented correctly.

The example illustrates why selecting an elevator drive solely because its kW rating matches the motor can be insufficient.

What If the Elevator Motor Has Not Yet Been Selected?

For a new elevator installation, motor sizing is a separate engineering exercise.

Mechanical calculations must account for car and counterweight loads, rated speed, acceleration, suspension ratio and the efficiency of the system’s components.

Once the required shaft torque is known, mechanical shaft power can be calculated using:

Mechanical power (kW) = Shaft torque (N·m) × Rotational speed (rpm) ÷ 9,550

For example, 71.6 N·m at 1,000 rpm corresponds to approximately 7.5 kW of mechanical power.

This is a conversion between torque, speed and power—not a complete formula for sizing an elevator motor.

After the motor is selected, the inverter must still be assessed for rated current, torque-control capability, overload capacity and the remaining system requirements.

Should You Always Choose the Next Drive Size Up?

No. Upsizing is justified when load calculations, overload demands, environmental derating or the manufacturer’s application guidance make it necessary.

Choosing a larger drive without examining current and control capability does not automatically provide a technical or commercial advantage.

Selected XIMA L-Series Elevator Drives Compared

XIMA’s L Series is designed for elevator and lift applications.

The following model-by-model overview uses the rated power and output current stated in the published product specifications.

• L100B055-3: Rated power 5.5 kW; rated output current 13 A; supply 380 V, three-phase.
• L200C075-3: Rated power 7.5 kW; rated output current 19 A; supply 380 V, three-phase.
• L200C110-3: Rated power 11 kW; rated output current 26 A; supply 380 V, three-phase.
• L200C150-3: Rated power 15 kW; rated output current 36 A; supply 380 V, three-phase.

How to use this comparison: First, screen the options for suitable current and voltage ratings.

Next, verify the control family, motor type, required PG card and overload characteristics in the documentation for the exact model.

This list supports preliminary comparison; it is not a final purchase recommendation for either a geared or gearless installation.

L300 models also appear in XIMA’s L-Series product range, but their features and application requirements must be checked against the latest documentation for the relevant variant.

For model-level information, see the English XIMA L-Series elevator and lift product category.

Control Panel Compatibility and Commissioning Requirements

Drive selection is incomplete until its interfaces with the elevator controller and auxiliary equipment have been reviewed.

This is especially important in drive replacement projects, where the motor and much of the control panel may remain unchanged.

Motor Data and Control Parameters

Motor parameters must be entered in accordance with the nameplate and the operating manual for the specific drive revision.

The L-Series documentation provides settings for data such as motor current, voltage, power and speed.

Differences between the actual motor characteristics and the configured values can affect motion performance and protective functions.

Encoder Signals and PG Cards

For closed-loop systems, confirm the encoder signal type, supply voltage and interface-card compatibility before commissioning.

L-Series documentation describes 5i-PG, 12i-PG, EnDat-PG and SinCos-PG cards for different feedback applications.

A matching connector—or the generic description encoder compatible—does not establish that a particular encoder will function correctly with a particular drive.

Auto-Tuning and Ride Quality

Motor identification or AutoTune, acceleration and deceleration settings, and command coordination all influence final ride performance.

The correct commissioning procedure depends on motor technology, feedback configuration and installation conditions.

Gearless PM systems in particular require the applicable revision-specific instructions and a qualified commissioning engineer.

Mechanical Brake Sequencing and Emergency Rescue

The inverter is part of the motion-control system; it does not replace the mechanical brake or the elevator’s safety circuits.

Brake command timing, contactor states, feedback signals and the control panel’s operating logic must be validated during system design and testing.

The L-Series documentation also describes an emergency Rescue operating mode.

Whether and how this function can be used in a specific installation depends on the drive model and revision, controller architecture, backup power source and the overall safety design.

For parameter definitions and commissioning prerequisites, consult the applicable L-Series manual through XIMA’s English downloads centre.

Changes affecting elevator motion or safety must be handled by qualified personnel under the project’s approved commissioning procedure.

Braking Resistors and Regenerative Energy in Elevator Systems

In a traction elevator, the motor can operate regeneratively during part of the travel cycle, depending on travel direction and the load difference between the car and counterweight.

Under these conditions, energy flows back toward the drive’s electrical circuit.

If the energy-handling arrangement is not properly matched to the application, the DC bus voltage can rise and trigger an overvoltage fault.

Braking-resistor resistance, power/thermal rating and duty-cycle capability must therefore be selected according to the exact drive specifications and elevator operating profile.

When investigating related faults, record the complete fault code together with travel direction, car load, the point in the motion cycle at which the fault occurred and the exact drive model.

The English guide to XIMA drive error codes can assist with initial fault classification; diagnosis and corrective electrical work require qualified technical personnel.

B2B Elevator Drive Procurement: Consider More Than the Unit Price

For project procurement, the lowest initial price does not necessarily represent the lowest installed cost.

Control panel modifications, commissioning time, access to documentation, additional components and technical support all affect the commercial outcome.

Alongside power and current ratings, evaluate the following:

• Compatibility with installed equipment: Will a different interface card, wiring arrangement or command sequence be needed?
• Documentation quality: Are revision-controlled manuals, model data and parameter descriptions available?
• Accessories: Have PG cards, braking resistors and other required components been included in the scope and quotation?
• Technical support: Is there a clear process for model selection, commissioning assistance and troubleshooting?
• Continuity of supply and maintenance: Can the project obtain a suitable replacement model and the spare components required for service?

These factors are particularly relevant to elevator companies delivering multiple projects simultaneously or assuming long-term responsibility for after-installation maintenance.

Common Mistakes When Specifying an Elevator Inverter

• Selecting the drive from cabin capacity alone: This can overlook critical motor and system requirements. Base the selection on motor-nameplate data and actual project specifications.
• Matching only the kW rating: The drive may not provide sufficient output current or overload capability. Check rated output current, duty requirements and applicable derating.
• Treating geared and gearless systems alike: This can result in incompatible control methods or feedback interfaces. Identify the motor technology and encoder type before requesting a quotation.
• Assuming all PG cards are interchangeable: An incorrect interface may produce feedback faults or require hardware changes. Match the exact encoder and PG card to the manufacturer’s documentation.
• Applying one model’s features to an entire drive series: This risks purchasing equipment based on capabilities that have not been confirmed. Verify the complete model code and device revision.
• Overlooking the controller and brake sequence: Missing these requirements can lead to unplanned changes during installation. Review the electrical interfaces and operating sequence before procurement.

Elevator Drive RFQ Checklist: What to Send Your Supplier

For a precise and comparable technical quotation, include the following information in the request for quotation (RFQ):

1. Project: Rated car capacity, speed, application and expected traffic or duty cycle.
2. Motor: Manufacturer and model, geared or gearless design, power, voltage, rated current and rated speed.
3. Feedback: Full encoder type and model, plus any existing interface card.
4. Elevator controller: Manufacturer and model, command method and required input/output signals.
5. Power and installation: Supply voltage, panel conditions and operating environment.
6. Accessories: Mechanical-brake details, braking resistor and emergency rescue configuration.
7. For replacements: Existing drive model and revision, reason for replacement and recorded fault history.

An RFQ containing these details enables a much more reliable compatibility assessment than a request that says only 7.5 kW elevator inverter.

Frequently Asked Questions About Elevator Inverter Selection

Can I select an elevator inverter based on cabin capacity alone?

No. Cabin capacity is an input to elevator design, but drive selection also requires motor specifications, rated current, control method, encoder details and control panel requirements.

Is an open-loop drive suitable for a gearless elevator motor?

Open-loop capability alone does not confirm compatibility with a gearless PM motor.

The inverter must support the required motor technology and control method, as well as the relevant encoder and PG interface.

Is a higher-power inverter always the safer choice?

No. Sizing should be based on rated motor current, overload capability, duty cycle and thermal operating conditions.

A larger drive does not necessarily solve a control-compatibility issue.

What information is required when replacing an existing elevator drive?

In addition to the motor nameplate and encoder specifications, provide the previous drive’s complete model and revision, controller wiring diagrams, relevant accessories and reason for replacement.

This helps identify any necessary panel changes before an order is placed.

Does the XIMA L Series support emergency rescue operation?

The L-Series technical documentation describes a Rescue function.

Its availability and implementation for an individual project must be verified against the exact model and revision, elevator controller, backup power supply and system design.

Why does an overvoltage fault occur during elevator deceleration?

Regenerative energy returning to the drive is one possible cause.

A reliable diagnosis also requires the recorded fault code, load conditions, stopping profile, incoming supply and braking-energy management equipment.

Conclusion: Make Elevator Drive Selection an Evidence-Based Engineering Decision

Choosing the right elevator inverter takes more than a nominal power match.

Motor technology, nameplate current, control method, encoder compatibility, overload capability, controller integration and brake requirements must be considered together.

Differences between geared and gearless elevators mean that a single drive recommendation cannot be applied indiscriminately across projects.

The XIMA L-Series drive range provides several models for evaluation.

A final selection is defensible only when the exact model’s current rating and control capabilities have been checked against the installation’s technical requirements and the manufacturer’s documentation.

To request a project-specific technical review and drive recommendation, prepare the motor, encoder and elevator controller information, then consult the XIMA L-Series elevator and lift product range.